What is Dilation & Curettage (D&C)?

Dilation and Curettage (D&C) is a minor surgical procedure used to diagnose or treat conditions affecting the uterus. During the procedure, the cervix is gently dilated, and a special instrument is used to remove tissue from the lining of the uterus.

 

D&C serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It can help identify causes of abnormal bleeding, remove retained tissue following a miscarriage, or clear the uterine lining for various medical indications.

Conditions Managed with D&C

  • Abnormal or heavy uterine bleeding
  • Incomplete miscarriage or retained products of conception
  • Uterine polyps or fibroids (diagnostic evaluation)
  • Suspected endometrial hyperplasia or cancer
  • Postmenopausal bleeding
  • Evaluation of infertility-related issues

When to Consider a D&C

Your doctor may recommend D&C if you experience:

  • Persistent or heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Unexplained bleeding between periods or after menopause
  • Missed or incomplete miscarriage
  • Need for tissue sampling of the endometrial lining
  • Chronic pelvic pain with suspected intrauterine causes
  • Evaluation before or after certain fertility treatments

Procedure Overview & Follow-Up

  • Usually performed under short general or regional anesthesia
  • Outpatient procedure, takes about 15–30 minutes
  • The cervix is gradually dilated and the uterine lining is gently scraped
  • Mild cramping or light bleeding is common for a few days
  • Most women return to regular activities within 1–2 days
  • Follow-up may be needed based on biopsy results (if applicable)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is D&C painful?

The procedure is done under anesthesia, so there is no pain during it. Mild cramping may occur afterward, similar to period pain.

Most patients recover within a couple of days. Strenuous activities and intercourse should be avoided for at least a week or as advised.

No, D&C is usually done as a day-care procedure. You can return home the same day after observation.

Complications are rare but may include infection, bleeding, or uterine perforation. These are minimized with expert care.

When done appropriately, D&C does not affect future fertility. In fact, it may assist in diagnosing issues that impact conception.

Your doctor will advise basic pre-anesthesia instructions, such as fasting for a few hours before the procedure.